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Pine frame
Black, dark wood or natural wood, FSC-certified. Framed prints arrive framed and ready to hang, hanging kit included.
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Rome · c. 550–50 BC
Framed print
Hanging print
Made to order and printed and framed in the USA. Produced in 1–2 business days, delivered 2–5 business days after that — 3–7 business days door to door. Free US shipping, tracked.
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Roman tradition credited King Servius Tullius with dividing the citizens into classes by wealth, and Livy describes the richest of them armed like Greek hoplites, with helmet, round shield, greaves and breastplate. Most historians accept that early Rome fought in a phalanx of this kind, though the details of the Servian system are debated. Livy says that the round shield later gave way to the oblong scutum, and that a battle line once like the Macedonian phalanx became a line of maniples.
The manipular legion, described in detail by Polybius, fought in thirty maniples set in three lines with gaps between them. It could bend and open on broken ground, where a phalanx struggled to keep its shape. By about 100 BC the cohort, a block of three maniples, had become the main unit of battle. Historians once credited the change to Gaius Marius alone; most now see a gradual shift. Caesar describes his legions near Ilerda in 49 BC drawn up in three lines, four cohorts in front and three in each line behind.
The plate sets the three soldiers far apart on a pale ground, each alone like a specimen in a museum case. The eye goes from the gleaming bronze of the hoplite to the red shield of the manipular legionary and the gray mail of Caesar's man, then down to the diagrams, where a solid black block opens, step by step, into a line with room to move.
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Black, dark wood or natural wood, FSC-certified. Framed prints arrive framed and ready to hang, hanging kit included.
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Framed prints: 200 gsm smooth matte paper, printed in 12 colors with fade-resistant pigment inks.
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Protects the print in transit and on the wall.
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Posters: 250 gsm museum-quality matte paper between pine hangers in black or dark wood. The magnets hold the print, so you can swap it any time.
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